In most countries you can vote from 18 years of age. But this age has not been here for a long time, first country to adopt voting age of 18 was Czechoslovakia in 1946.
Initially the people from most countries had voting rights from the age of 21. Most recent developments are to decrease this age to 16. Supporters of this idea cite that today's youth have the necessary capacity to decide how to cast a vote. First leading democratic country to adopt voting age of 16 is Austria.
Iran is unique because it has increased minimum legal voting age from 15 to 18, two years ago.
Only country with a maximum voting age is the Vatican, where only cardinals younger than 80 can vote for a new Pope.
Some countries distinct between single and married people. For example, in Bolivia, single people can vote from 21 and married from 18. Citizens in Uzbekistan can vote from 25.
Monday, August 30, 2010
Sunday, August 29, 2010
Mob Football
Mob football is the name given to some varieties of Medieval football, which emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages.
Mob football distinguished itself from other codes by typically having an unlimited number of players and fairly vague rules. By some accounts, any means could be used to move the ball to a goal, as long as it did not lead to manslaughter or murder. These early codes of football were forerunners of modern codes of football such as rugby football and association football.
The uncertain origins of these games have attracted explanation by myth and legend. For example, in the UK, some claim that the games started as a celebration during the 3rd century of the defeat of the Romans. The claim also exists that it was first played with the severed head of a Danish ruler of England who had been deposed.
Whatever their exact origins may have been, by the Middle Ages these games had generally become annual celebrations and had a tendency to get quite out of hand. Mob football would have more resembled a riot than any of its descendants. The sport usually involved groups of men from two connecting villages (or two groups from either end of a single village) fighting to move a ball from one side to the other. The games were so unruly that royal bans were often placed on the playing of such sport. On 13 April 1314, Edward II of England issued what is believed to be the first royal decree. He prohibited the "hustling over large balls" because of the impact the sport had on the local merchants. His ban was followed by decrees from Edward III of England, Henry IV of England, Henry VI of England and James III of Scotland. The sport was considered to be "un-Christian" for its lack of order.
Each town or village would have played a slightly different game with rules that were not written down. The events were held on public holidays such as Shrove Tuesday when men would have been given the day off work. The sport can still be witnessed in some parts of the United Kingdom, notably Christmas and New Year in the Orkney Islands Kirkwall Ba game.
Mob football distinguished itself from other codes by typically having an unlimited number of players and fairly vague rules. By some accounts, any means could be used to move the ball to a goal, as long as it did not lead to manslaughter or murder. These early codes of football were forerunners of modern codes of football such as rugby football and association football.
The uncertain origins of these games have attracted explanation by myth and legend. For example, in the UK, some claim that the games started as a celebration during the 3rd century of the defeat of the Romans. The claim also exists that it was first played with the severed head of a Danish ruler of England who had been deposed.
Whatever their exact origins may have been, by the Middle Ages these games had generally become annual celebrations and had a tendency to get quite out of hand. Mob football would have more resembled a riot than any of its descendants. The sport usually involved groups of men from two connecting villages (or two groups from either end of a single village) fighting to move a ball from one side to the other. The games were so unruly that royal bans were often placed on the playing of such sport. On 13 April 1314, Edward II of England issued what is believed to be the first royal decree. He prohibited the "hustling over large balls" because of the impact the sport had on the local merchants. His ban was followed by decrees from Edward III of England, Henry IV of England, Henry VI of England and James III of Scotland. The sport was considered to be "un-Christian" for its lack of order.
Each town or village would have played a slightly different game with rules that were not written down. The events were held on public holidays such as Shrove Tuesday when men would have been given the day off work. The sport can still be witnessed in some parts of the United Kingdom, notably Christmas and New Year in the Orkney Islands Kirkwall Ba game.
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